Disinformation against Israel in Croatia is based on several actors, as described in the analysis, which is a part of the project Detektor – ‘CEA Think Tank Detektor’ [1]. This project detects disinformation and provides information associated with geopolitical risks based on Russian, Iranian, Chinese, and other hostile influences. Such influences have a significant impact on the fundamental values of freedom and transatlantic institutions.
However, unlike many ideologically biased actors on the progressive left, CEA avoids fact-checking and interference, hindering classical values of individual liberty, including free speech. Moreover, CEA combines disinformation and the context of geopolitical risks.
Regarding disinformation against the State of Israel, CEA has published several related information:
Panel Disinformation against the State of Israel
Dezinformacije će produljiti vladavinu terorizma
Izrael ima pravo spriječiti nuklearni Iran
Religious and economic freedom are connected
The Hamas Charter goes against human freedom
Croatian students and pro-Palestinian activities
Moguće toleriranje antiizraelske propagande na hrvatskom javnom fakultetu?
Povijesno legitiman nastanak države Izrael
The methodology of this analysis is based on open-source research, key takeaways from the source (a brief explanation of what is said or written in the source – media, internet page, social media, etc.), and identifying disinformation.
Here are some examples of the disinformation against Israel in Croatia:
Portal Novosti[2]
Topic: Refusal to hire a lecturer who served in the IDF
| Key takeaways: Student pressure succeeded. After months of campaigning, the Faculty Council of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb rejected a proposal to extend the contract of lecturer Einat Lilian Dotan. Ethical and political reasons: Students challenged her engagement due to her connections with the Israeli military, especially in the context of the war in Gaza and accusations of war crimes. Wide mobilization: The campaign included protests, forums, and a strong social media presence, with partial support from the academic community and the public. Significance of the decision: The decision of the Faculty Council was interpreted as confirmation that students can have political and moral influence within academic institutions. Precedent for the future: The case raises important questions about the role of universities in the political and ethical space and strengthens the legitimacy of student activism. |
The article shows that lecturer Einat Lilian Dotan is a “former member of the Israeli military” and implies moral responsibility for “war crimes from Gaza”. However, there is no concrete evidence that she directly participated in such activities. Such an implicit connection can spread unverified claims and emotional bias. Positive portrayal of students in the article as a moral front against the Israeli position acts as subtle political disinformation – it implicitly suggests to readers that anyone who collaborates with Israel automatically supports alleged war crimes, regardless of professional identity. The emphasis on Dotan’s “Israeli origin” or her service in the IDF creates the sense that her national identity is relevant to what she scientifically stands for. This opens a space for making a difference between, in this case, Jews and other nations. The students portrayed the Israeli state and the Israeli army as different (negative in their opinion) from other armies and states, which created an anti-Zionist (anti-Semitic) narrative. The result of the voting might be a consequence of this negative atmosphere created by the anti-Zionist political position and it opens a very important example inside the Croatian academic community.
Portal Novosti[3]
Topic: Interview with Salah Abdel Shafi
| Key takeaways: Salah Abdel Shafi is the Palestinian ambassador to Austria and Slovenia, and the permanent observer of Palestine at the United Nations. According to him, the world community remains silent and inactive in the face of Israeli announcements of war crimes, including statements by high-ranking Israeli officials about denying food, water, fuel and electricity to the Gaza Strip. Shafi claims that diplomacy has lost its legitimacy because the negotiations did not prevent the humanitarian crisis but served as an alibi for Israeli actions. Justified call for action: Shafi calls on the international community to react more actively before the escalation in Gaza turns into a disaster. |
The article states that Israel is “announcing” war crimes, but ignores the context of Israeli defensive operations after Hamas terrorist attacks. It suggests “guilt in advance” without considering the circumstances and international law that allow certain measures in wartime conditions that Israel correctly uses with announcements of attacks and situations like that. The article does not emphasize that Israel is assisting civilians. Nowhere in the article (in questions or answers in the interview) is there any mention of the terrorist attack on October 7, 2023, the mass executions of Israeli civilians and kidnappings, or the fact that Hamas is using civilians as human shields as the main strategy in war. This selectivity creates an anti-Israel picture of the conflict, which is maybe the intention of the interview. It is a fact that there is freedom of the press, but the media should respect the responsibility of the press. The claim that diplomacy is silent implies that international actors passively support the crimes, which is not true because one part of the international community shows sympathy for Palestine (or Hamas).
Information in the media about the protest (April 2025)[4]
Ivana Perić (journalist for Novosti) participated in an activist protest, which included blocking the entrance to the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. According to Portal Narod.hr, activists were shouting: “Israel and Croatia, two war criminals”, “Grlić Radman, be ashamed, your hands are covered with blood”, “Free Palestine”, “Plenki, Plenki, where are you hiding, you are washing your hands with genocide” and “Viva, viva Intifada”.
Using terms like “two war criminals” for the State of Israel and Croatia implies collective guilt and negates the difference between the responsibility of individuals and the responsibility of the country. Thus, Croatia and Israel, logically, do not participate in war crimes. These are legal facts. The call “Viva, viva Intifada” can be interpreted as sympathy or incitement to militant actions and political extremism, which is a serious message. Sentences like “your hands are covered with blood” have no evidentiary basis — they only prove the position of the activists. On protest, there was no mention of the fact that Hamas launched the attack on October 7, 2023, nor the context of Israel’s defense. This gives a distorted picture that does not show either the crimes of Hamas or the military circumstances. There is also an accusation of genocide, which, according to all available legal data, is not happening. Likewise, there is no suggestion of a solution to the situation, only a pro-Palestine/pro-Hamas narrative.
Index.hr[5]
Topic: poll about Israel participating Eurovision Song Contest
| Key takeaways: The debate raises questions about the legitimacy of Israel’s participation in the Eurovision Song Contest, given that Israel is not geographically part of Europe and that the war in Gaza has heavily politicized the event Pro-Palestinian protests were held in Basel against the Israeli entry, including transparent messages and political symbolism; organizers have stepped up security measures, banned political banners and advised against religious symbols More than 70 former Eurovision contestants – including the winners – have signed an open letter calling for Israel to be excluded from the contest. Many fans have also supported the boycott, which has continued after the 2024 campaign. |
The poll is suggestive after a written text that is not critical of the ideology of pro-Palestinian protesters.
Index.hr[6]
Topic: Croatian representative on Eurovision 2025 (Marko Bošnjak) said that he is against Israeli presence in the contest
| Key takeaways: Marko Bošnjak stated that Israel should not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest, but added that this logic could also be applied to Ukraine since both countries are involved in a war. He made the statement after the competition ended, emphasizing that the Eurovision Song Contest is not apolitical. He later clarified that he was overcome with emotion and that his message primarily referred to Israeli politics. |
Equating Israel and Ukraine implies moral symmetry, where the situation is much more complex. Russia has attacked Ukraine, while Israel is responding to years of rocket attacks and terrorism, including the attack on October 7, 2023. The statement made by Bošnjak ignores that participation in the Eurovision Song Contest does not mean automatic political support but rather celebrating the cultural differences of the countries. Disqualifying Israel based on foreign policy would lead the competition to selective censorship and double standards. Bošnjak’s position can be interpreted as an emotional reaction or pandering to an activist public, where he has a lot of fans. Instead of promoting understanding, he further politicizes the Eurovision Song Contest, which declaratively strives for inclusiveness and differences.
Centar za mirovne studije (CMS)[7]
Topic: CMS calling that Croatia must end political support for Israel and choose the side of humanity, because every delay means more innocent lives lost in Gaza.
| Key takeaways: CMS accuses Israel of genocide in Gaza and claims that Croatia passively or actively supports such crimes. CMS criticizes Croatia’s vote against the revision of EU relations with Israel, despite the support of the majority of member states. CMS calls for an urgent change in Croatian foreign policy and the cessation of political support for Israel. CMS emphasizes the need to increase humanitarian aid and support international efforts to stop the conflict. CMS concludes text with a moral appeal: Croatia must choose humanity, not political interests. |
To claim that Israel is committing genocide is a serious accusation that is used without any international legal judgment. Such language trivializes the concept of genocide and uses it as a political weapon, not as a legally grounded fact. This text, published by CMS on their Facebook page, completely ignores the context, especially the attacks by Hamas, including the massacre on October 7, 2023, the hostage-taking, and the years of rocket fire on Israeli cities. The content of these facts makes the narrative propaganda. The call for complete political distancing from Israel ignores its legitimate right to defend itself against terrorist attacks. Such a position implies that only Israeli actions are responsible for civilian casualties, even though Hamas uses civilians as human shields. Challenging Croatia’s vote in the EU implies that national interests and international legal standards should be subordinated to emotional-political campaigns and the wishes of the activists. This undermines the democratic legitimacy of Croatian institutions. Using phrases like “hands covered with blood” and “not in our name” emotionally manipulates readers and turns a complex conflict into a black and white picture. That destroys space for rational and fact-based arguments.
Telegram.hr[8]
Topic: The Author is calling for Croatia to break diplomatic relations with Israel
| Key takeaways: The author (Mladen Pleše) calls for the breaking of diplomatic relations with Israel, instead of inviting it to events like the Eurovision Song Contest. He claims that Israel systematically violates international law and carries out collective punishment of Palestinians. He criticizes the EU and Croatia for their political duplicity and lack of concrete measures. He concludes that Israel’s cultural inclusion in such circumstances is a form of normalization of violence. |
The call for the break of diplomatic relations is extreme and unproductive. Instead of dialogue, the author of the article proposes isolation and breaking relations with Israel, which is counterproductive and goes against European diplomatic principles and Croatia’s pro-Western position. The article portrays Israel exclusively as the aggressor, without acknowledging the complexity of the conflict, the threat of terrorism and the right to self-defense. A cultural boycott of Israel would realistically trivialize the whole conflict. Exclusion from the Eurovision Song Contest uses symbolic gestures without any real impact on the lives of the affected people.
Zelena akcija[9]
Topic: Zelena akcija is calling on Croatia to cut ties with Israel due to the violation of international law and the blockade of humanitarian aid in Gaza
| Key takeaways: The struggle for climate justice and the freedom of Palestine are connected through the critique of the capitalist system, fossil fuels, oppression and militarization. The Government of the Republic of Croatia is urged to urgently demand the release of all 12 hostages held by Israel. It criticizes the prevention of humanitarian aid from entering Gaza, which is described as part of the Israeli blockade and crimes. It is said that the humanitarian aid ship “Madleene” has the right of free navigation under international law, but Israel is obstructing it. The Croatian Government is asked to call Israel to account and cut off all diplomatic ties with it for violating international law. |
The text uses anti-capitalist and anti-Western rhetoric that simplifies political issues and assumes that fossil fuels and market systems are the main factors for conflicts like the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The struggle for climate justice and the freedom of Palestine are conflated into a single narrative, which can be counterproductive because different problems require specific, targeted approaches in a policy-by-policy approach. Calling for the breaking of diplomatic and economic ties with Israel ignores the potential for cooperation, development, and technological advancement that market relations can bring to both sides. The text published by Zelena akcija ignores the context of the security threats Israel faces, including terrorist attacks and rocket fire, which justify Israeli defensive measures. Intercepting the ship by the Israeli side was part of legitimate security measures against attempts to smuggle weapons or other threats through Gaza. The word “hostage” is not correct to use in this context of the position of “Madleene” crew. As it was shown later, some of the people on the ship were known as supporters of Hamas and Hezbollah.
Index.hr[10]
Topic: Zoran Milanović supports an independent Palestine
| Key takeaways: “Israel can do whatever it wants; it has been doing so for decades. I think we should not have anything to do with such a state and such state leadership. It is simply a criminal policy that leads nowhere and which, unfortunately, has the support of Washington.” (Zoran Milanović) Milanović said that Croatia should recognize Palestine. Milanović thinks that someone wants to start a world war – comment on the Israeli attack on Iran |
Israel can’t do “whatever it wants”. Israel does not have a criminal policy and it is not led by criminals. Milanović is showing his anti-Israel approach here. Milanović is ignoring complex questions and the fact that Israel was attacked. There is no evidence that someone wants to start a world war. Israel is defending its existence.
Jutarnji.hr[11]
Topic: Milanović does not know the history of Israel
| Key takeaways: Milanović stands for recognition of Palestine. He said: “We started from the right of the Jewish people to a state after the Holocaust. ‘A land without a people for a people without a land’ – that was the slogan, but it was not a land without a people. A million Arabs, Muslims lived there. All of that was driven out, exiled and destroyed. That’s how Israel began its life. If we talk about Israel’s security and Israel’s right to exist, what about the right of the Palestinians to have their state, which has been in documents for seventy years? We cannot pretend that it doesn’t exist.” (Zoran Milanović) |
The right of the Jewish people to a state does not originate from the Holocaust. The fact is that Jews lived in the territory of Israel before the formation of the state. It is not true that all Muslims were victims in the Israeli state or in the war in which Israel was attacked immediately after its creation. The Palestinian state does not exist primarily because of a series of rejections of its existence by Palestinian and Arab politicians. There have been many times when Arab politicians have rejected a Palestinian state, e.g., the Peel Commission (1936-1937), the White Paper (1939), the rejection of the 1947 partition of Palestine, the Camp David meeting (2000), etc.
Free Palestine. Solidarity from Croatia[12]
Topic: Call to join the pro-Iranian protest
| Key takeaways: The call strongly condemns the recent military aggression by Israel and the United States against Iran and Palestine, framing it as part of a long-standing imperialist plan aimed at the Middle East. “The attack on Iran is not an isolated incident, but a continuation of the imperial policy of force and destabilization that has been ravaging the Middle East and the Global South for decades through wars, occupations, genocides, sanctions and interventions, leaving behind ruined lives and broken societies.” (Inicijativa za slobodnu Palestinu). Hospitals in Iran are overwhelmed, and the healthcare infrastructure has been partially destroyed. The attacks are based on claims of an Iranian nuclear threat. Iran does not possess nuclear weapons. Western powers and their sanctions are devastating Iran. The Initiative is showing solidarity with the people of Iran (against “imperialists” and the Islamic Republic). |
It is a one-sided and ideologically driven portrayal of the complex situation. The statement ignores Iran’s long-standing role in destabilizing the Middle East region through its funding, arming, and political support of violent groups such as Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthis. These groups undermine regional stability with violence and terrorism. Iran has repeatedly declared its desire to “destroy Israel”, which constitutes a serious existential and ongoing threat. Also, it is important to highlight that Iran has obstructed international inspectors, violated uranium enrichment limits, and refused transparency in its nuclear program. Besides that, Iranian rhetoric regularly includes genocidal threats against Israel. The statement does not acknowledge the fact that Israel has been the target of rocket attacks and other assaults from Iran-backed groups. Like any sovereign nation, Israel has a right to defend its citizens. The statement portrays Israeli actions as aggression, disregarding the context. The statement highlights bombing and “genocide” without acknowledging that military targets are often built within civilian areas by design – a tactic used by Iran and its proxies.
Studentski zbor Sveučilišta u Zagrebu[13]
Topic: “Statement of the Student Council of the University of Zagreb on the situation in Palestine”
| Key takeaways: The Student Council of the University of Zagreb is accusing Israel of scholasticide, genocide and causing the humanitarian crises. They wrote: “(…) we demand a permanent ceasefire, accountability for war crimes committed, and the start of peace negotiations to end Israeli aggression. We appeal to the University of Zagreb to reconsider its cooperation with Israeli institutions that have not condemned their country’s aggression, as well as other institutions that, through their actions, maintain the Israeli war industry.” |
The Student Council of the University of Zagreb does not refer to legal acts or judgments. Equally, they spread pro-Palestinian propaganda about the humanitarian crisis, genocide, large numbers of victims, hunger and scholasticide. They do not refer to the event of October 7, 2023; do they refer to Israel’s right to defend itself?
Information in the media about hunger in Gaza[14]: Israel is delivering aid to the Gaza Strip. There are humanitarian corridors to allow the safe passage of aid to Gazans. However, Hamas has been blocking a part of this aid.
Care should be taken when it comes to footage from Gaza because it has been discovered before that Hamas uses fake videos and staged scenes to portray the suffering of the people. Equally, it is necessary to emphasize that help is coming to the vulnerable and that the numbers of the vulnerable or victims that Hamas releases to the public are very often exaggerated.
Index.hr[15]
Topic: Možemo and SDP call for recognizing Palestine
| Key takeaways: Možemo: they welcome Macron’s announcement of recognizing Palestine, they call on the Croatian Government and Prime Minister Plenković to prepare a decision on the recognition of Palestine at the next cabinet session and to bring it to a vote in Parliament, they state that since October 2023, nearly 60,000 people have been killed and over 140,000 wounded in what they call genocide by Israel while civilians are being starved due to the blockade of humanitarian aid to Gaza, Možemo also demands that the Croatian Government urgently call on Israel to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid via UN channels, Možemo criticizes the ruling majority (HDZ and partners) for offering only token condemnations of civilian casualties and accuses them of complicity in ignoring calls for a ceasefire, sanctions, and condemnation of the Israeli government. Možemo was the first in Croatia to propose a resolution to recognize Palestine and provide bilateral assistance. SDP: they believe that the time has come for the Croatian Parliament to formally address the recognition of Palestine, SDP states that such a political act would send a clear signal that Croatia supports the peace process, international law, and the universal right of peoples to self-determination, SDP emphasizes that recognizing Palestine does not mean granting political legitimacy to Hamas, but rather recognizing the Palestinian people’s right to their state, SDP expressed deep concern over the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. |
These statements made by Možemo and SDP dangerously ignore the fact that Hamas holds control over Gaza. Recognizing Palestinian statehood amid an ongoing conflict risks sending the message that violence and terrorism are a clear path to statehood. Accusations of “genocide” and “starvation” committed by Israel are unsubstantiated and contribute to the delegitimization of Israel’s right to self-defense. Such rhetoric, made by Možemo and SDP, overlooks Hamas’s use of civilians as human shields, systematic launching of rockets into Israeli civilian areas, holding hostages, etc. Both political parties display a highly selective approach to the whole situation. They are silent about Hamas’s attacks on Israeli civilians, the use of schools and hospitals for military purposes. Their framing reduces the conflict to an oversimplified narrative of oppressor vs. victim. International law affirms Israel’s right to exist and defend its citizens, yet this is absent from their statements.
In the article, Index.hr published photos that (allegedly) show the victims from Gaza, probably to create a narrative or opinion that Palestinians are victims of Israel.
H-Alter[16]
Topic: Different people from academia, politics and activism, speaking about Palestine and genocide there (published on 7th October 2024)
| Key takeaways: Speakers: “The questions are answered by Emina Bužinkić, Lucija Mulalić, Jerko Bakotin, Marta Baradić, Goran Pećanac, Ivona Grgurinović, Borislav Mikulić, Katarina Peović, Gordan Bosanac, Muhamed Al Younis and Tatjana Tadić.” The text is full of a pro-Palestine narrative. The article tries to emphasize that the pro-Palestinian side is the right side. The article tries to emphasize that the pro-Palestinian side is the right side: “Today, however, it is impossible to hide the truth. Solidarity initiatives, blockades of colleges and widespread protests have shown that in the age of social networks, the magical control of public opinion is loosening. So far, the successes are minor, but the recognition of Palestine by some NATO members, and the call of the International Court of War Crimes to issue an arrest warrant for Netanyahu are steps in the right direction. In the region, certain actors decided to respond with arms to the violence in Gaza, which led to the exchange of fire between Iran and Israel and the land invasion of Lebanon. While we are watching live the escalation of one of the worst humanitarian tragedies of the 21st century, it is necessary not to forget that the conflict is taking place on the domestic ground. The propaganda apparatus in Croatia mirrors the collaborationist narrative of the West, and today it will equally report the ahistorical narrative of October 7, to convince us that we should not and cannot fight for Palestine.” Text is published on 7th October 2024 (one year after the terrorist attack by Hamas). |
The article has a very problematic narrative because some of the speakers point out that genocide in Gaza is taking place, for which there are no legal judgments. In addition, it says that the residents of Gaza cannot get help, which is not true. In this context, the behavior of Hamas, which makes life difficult for the residents of Gaza, is not discussed in detail. Before presenting the speaker’s views, the article emphasizes that it is necessary to fight for Palestine, which also shows a political stance of the whole article. The “propaganda apparatus in Croatia” is also mentioned, but no examples are given. The fact is that Croatia is a member of the European Union and NATO, part of the West and part of the free world, to which, in terms of values, terrorist groups and authoritarian regimes do not belong.
Logično.com[17]
Topic: Croatia is a pro-Zionist entity
| Key takeaways: The text criticizes the partnership between Croatia and Israel. The text contains a photo of Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenković, who is depicted in a stereotypical portrayal of Jews, as has been the case in anti-Semitic propaganda throughout history. The text criticizes the Croatian Radio and Television for airing the film Schindler’s List. It is claimed that supporters of Israel will be written into the historical book of shame and that Israel is committing genocide “The manipulation of showing films about World War II and the suffering of Jews has long been a tried and tested method used in the West and copied in Croatia, so we can rightly say that HRT, and thus the Republic of Croatia, which controls HRT, has become a pro-Zionist entity, because such a shameful editorial policy has not been seen for a long time. When and if this evil stops, all editors and journalists of HRT and Hina should be investigated. If bias is established, they should immediately be removed from state media for life, and let them look for a job in Tel Aviv for whom they worked.” |
Israel’s military actions are defensive measures aimed at conflict with Hamas. These actions are carried out within the framework of international law and are not classified as genocide. The claim that airing a Holocaust film such as Schindler’s List transforms Croatia into a “pro-Zionist entity” is baseless. Commemorating the Holocaust is not propaganda – it is the preservation of historical truth and a moral responsibility to remember the victims. Honoring the victims of the Holocaust does not serve to justify any government’s present-day policies. Accusing the media of using Holocaust films to manipulate public opinion against criticism of Israel distorts the purpose of Holocaust education. These works exist to ensure that the world remembers one of history’s worst crimes, not to silence political debate. Also, calls to purge journalists for alleged “pro-Zionist” bias threaten media freedom and create an environment of intolerance. In the context of this article, it is essential to note that the portrayal of Croatia and other Western countries as subservient to Israel overlooks the reality of sovereign nations and the concept of alliances based on shared values and cooperation. Partnership with Israel does not erase national independence.
Index.hr[18]
Topic: Israeli Ambassador’s interview in the media
| Key takeaways: A journalist in Zagreb interviewed with Gary Koren (Israeli ambassador). A journalist asked the Israeli ambassador why Israel “allows children in Gaza to starve.” Title of the article on Index.hr is (English): “Journalist: Why are you letting children starve? Israeli Ambassador to Croatia: It’s a provocation.” |
The journalist’s question, “Why do you allow children in Gaza to starve?” is the most problematic part of the interview. It frames Israel as intentionally inflicting suffering on innocents, without acknowledging the context or complexity of the situation. An approach like that distorts reality. Israel maintains a functioning humanitarian corridor, allowing transport of food and aid into Gaza, while Hamas is using many (or most) of these supplies for its purposes. It was also revealed that many of the photos of the hungry people that were shared around the world were staged by the media and/or Hamas.
Index.hr[19]
Topic: Zoran Milanović claims that the Israeli plan is ethnic cleansing of Gaza
| Key takeaways: Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu announced expanded military operations to seize control over Gaza City and defeat Hamas. Croatian President Milanović characterized this move as effectively a plan for “ethnic cleansing” of Gaza. Milanović called for an immediate end to any military cooperation with Israel by the EU and urged Croatia to formally recognize Palestine. |
Labeling Israel’s planned operation to defeat Hamas and dismantle Hamas control as “ethnic cleansing” connects standard military objectives with war crimes. It is an emotionally charged mischaracterization that doesn’t have fact-based content. The claim about “ethnic cleansing” risks delegitimizing Israel’s right to defend itself against a terrorist organization. Equating Israeli military strategy with ethnic cleansing ignores the context of Hamas’ refusal to disarm itself and bring hostages home. It also ignores security threats.
Srednja.hr[20]
Topic: Part of the Croatian academic community criticizes the state of Israel
| Key takeaways: The Croatian government is thinking about a blockade of Israel within the framework of the EU program Horizon Europe (said in August by Croatian Minister of Foreign and European Affairs, Gordan Grlić Radman). A group of professors and academics from the Initiative for the Academy of Solidarity and Epistemic Justice (Inicijativa za akademiju solidarnosti i epistemičke pravde) believes this blockade is not enough. They demand a full suspension of all agreements and cooperation between the EU and Israel as a stronger pressure due to the conflict in Gaza. Belgian universities have already submitted a request for a complete suspension of cooperation with Israeli institutions. The Initiative calls on the Ministry of Education and the Rectors’ Conference to halt scientific and educational cooperation with Israel. |
The article contains several key disinformation and selective portrayals that may mislead readers. The professors’ initiative demanding a full suspension of cooperation between the EU and Israel ignores the complexity of the situation during the war. Israel faces ongoing security threats (including different attacks and terrorism), which are not represented in detail in the article. Also, the article doesn’t explain the situation with hostages kept by Hamas. Furthermore, the proposal for a complete “stop” to scientific and educational cooperation with Israeli institutions could have negative consequences for the academic community, not only in Croatia but across the EU. Such actions don’t call for dialogue and the exchange of knowledge. The article also fails to highlight that Israeli scientific institutions are very open to international collaboration and are involved in numerous projects.
The short historical section in the article contains several misleading or one-sided elements that reflect an anti-Israel bias. First, the text states that Palestinians “mostly fled or were expelled,” presenting the Palestinian exodus in 1948 as a simple consequence of Israeli actions. However, this narrative omits the complex reality, including the fact that many Palestinians left voluntarily, encouraged by Arab leaders, or as a result of the war initiated by surrounding Arab states who rejected the UN plans. It is very complex to investigate migrations because there are often not many relevant historical sources. There have been many times when Arab politicians have rejected a Palestinian state, e.g., the Peel Commission (1936-1937), the White Paper (1939), the rejection of the 1947 partition of Palestine, the Camp David meeting (2000), etc. The description of Israel’s occupation of Gaza and the West Bank after the war in 1967 lacks context regarding the nature of the war. Israel captured these territories in a conflict with neighboring Arab countries to prevent possible attacks. Referring to the barrier on the West Bank simply as a “wall” for “division” ignores the fact that Israel built it largely for security reasons, precisely to prevent terrorist attacks and it resulted in a reduction of violence. Describing Gaza as “blocked” since 2007 and controlled by the “terrorist organization Hamas” without mentioning that Hamas is recognized as a terrorist group by many countries, and that Israel’s measures are in response to many rocket attacks and security threats, makes the perspective problematic. The statement that Israel launched a “fierce attack” after the October 7, 2023, Hamas attacks omits that these actions were taken in self-defense.
Index.hr [21]
Topic: Informations about protest in London
| Key takeaways: Article has a title „Gotovo 500 uhićenih na prosvjedu za Palestinu u Londonu, među njima 89-godišnjakinja“ [Nearly 500 arrested at pro-Palestine protest in London, including 89-year-old woman] |
In the title, it is not written which organization it is about as the organizer of the protest (the controversial group Palestine Action), which is a key piece of information for the text. A clickbait headline in the context of war can lead to a disinformation narrative, and if not to a disinformation narrative, then to the indirect creation of a false perception of the reader. One is the freedom of the media to shape the headlines, and the other is when it comes to media responsibility.
Tportal.hr [22]
Topic: UN said that there is famine in Gaza
| Key takeaways: UN-backed IPC report officially declared famine conditions in parts of Gaza. Hunger is spreading. Israel rejected the report. Israel insists it allows humanitarian aid and blames Hamas for blocking deliveries. |
The article presents the famine report largely from the UN’s perspective, while Israel’s response appears only as a defensive reaction. Israel’s rejection of the findings—calling them false and politically motivated—reflects concern that such UN reports ignore Hamas’s control over aid and its exploitation of civilians. The piece frames Israel as the primary cause of suffering but provides little context on Hamas’s role in creating or worsening shortages. Thus, the article risks reinforcing a one-sided moral narrative.
Bosna.hr [23]
Topic: De-Zionization of societies
| Key takeaways: The author (Davud Mešinović) calls for a process of “de-Zionization” of society, and connects it with the “denazification” efforts after 1945. The author argues that those who support Israel, Netanyahu, or the IDF should face social and moral consequences if Israel is found guilty of genocide or crimes against humanity. Public statements, social media posts, and photos would serve as “evidence” in this de-Zionization process. The stated goal is to “cleanse” society from Zionist influence, which the author, on his own way, equates with complicity in alleged crimes. |
This article is deeply alarming in both tone and substance. By comparing or mentioning Zionism to Nazism in the same sentence and calling for a post-war-style “de-Zionization,” it adopts rhetoric that delegitimizes not only the Israeli state but also Jewish national identity itself. The author’s analogy to 1945 implies moral equivalence between the Holocaust’s perpetrators and a democratic state defending itself—an inflammatory and historically false comparison. Equating support for Israel with complicity in genocide assumes guilt before any legal judgment and punishes individuals for their political views. Such reasoning erodes freedom of thought and speech, replacing dialogue with ideological purging. The proposal for “de-Zionization” mirrors the very authoritarianism it claims to oppose: it seeks to criminalize dissent and silence those who stand with Israel. In essence, the article promotes a form of moral witch-hunt—an attempt to brand Zionism, the Jewish right to self-determination, as inherently criminal. This framing not only distorts history but also fuels hostility rather than reconciliation.
Index.hr [24]
Topic: Narative that Israel can attack anyone
| Key takeaways: Israel recently conducted an airstrike in Doha, Qatar, targeting Hamas leaders allegedly responsible for the October 7, 2023 massacre. The operation was described as a unilateral Israeli action, with Israel claiming to have informed the United States beforehand, suggesting tacit approval. The strike has drawn criticism from various international actors, including the United Nations and the European Union. Political scientist Vedran Obućina attributes Israel’s ability to carry out such operations abroad to the influence of its global lobbying efforts and strategic partnerships. |
This article raises concerns about the portrayal of Israel’s actions in the international arena. While the piece highlights the criticism Israel faces for its military operations, it does not fully acknowledge the context in which these actions happen. Israel’s right to self-defense is a fundamental principle under international law, especially when combating organizations like Hamas (or other organizations that have a history of targeting civilians). The article’s focus on the criticism Israel receives may overshadow the legitimate security concerns that drive such operations. Additionally, the mention of Israel’s global lobbying efforts, while acknowledging its influence, could be perceived as an attempt to undermine the legitimacy of its actions by attributing them to political maneuvering rather than genuine security needs.
24sata.hr [25]
Topic: Comparing Croatia and Palestine
| Key takeaways: Prime Minister Andrej Plenković stated that Croatia will not recognize Palestine, arguing that such recognition would not halt the ongoing conflict in Gaza. The article draws a parallel between Croatia’s struggle for international recognition during the Croatian War of Independence and Palestine’s current situation. The article suggests that international recognition played a crucial role in legitimizing Croatia’s sovereignty and altering the course of the war. The article questions whether Plenković has forgotten the importance of recognition in Croatia’s own history. |
The article presents a one-sided view by equating Croatia’s pursuit of international recognition during its war of independence (Domovinski rat) with Palestine’s situation. While Croatia sought recognition as a sovereign state amidst aggression, the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict involves complex historical dynamics. The article overlooks the role of Hamas in perpetuating violence and hindering peace efforts. By focusing solely on the aspect of recognition, the piece fails to address the broader issues at play, including the need for a negotiated peace and the recognition of Israel’s right to exist securely.
Index.hr [26]
Topic: The Croatian president said that Israel created Hamas
| Key takeaways: President Zoran Milanović claimed that Israel created Hamas to undermine Fatah, the Palestinian faction led by Yasser Arafat. Milanović compared this to how the U.S. administration allegedly created the Mujahedin to counter Soviet influence in Afghanistan. Milanović criticized the U.S. for continuing to support Israel post-1991, suggesting this support harms U.S. security interests. He also expressed support for recognizing Palestine. |
President Milanović’s statements are deeply concerning and reflect a misunderstanding of the complexities surrounding Hamas and the conflict. The claim that Israel “created” Hamas oversimplifies the situation because Israel never created a group like Hamas or directly participated in making Hamas stronger. Hamas’s rise was influenced by multiple factors. Second, comparing Israel’s alleged actions to the U.S. support for the Mujahideen in Afghanistan is misleading. Israel’s primary concern has been its security in the face of ongoing threats from many groups (including Hamas). Third, Milanović’s criticism of U.S. support for Israel post-1991 overlooks the strategic partnership between the two nations, which is based on shared democratic values and mutual security interests. Lastly, while recognizing Palestine is a topic of international debate, it is essential to consider the broader context. While President Milanović’s statements may resonate with certain narratives, they fail to acknowledge the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the broader geopolitical situation.
Index.hr [27]
Topic: Analyst said that the Croatian government is indirectly involved in what is happening in Gaza
| Key takeaways: Analyst Božo Kovačević claims Croatia’s refusal to recognize Palestine makes it a “partial participant” in Gaza events. He criticizes Israel for alleged violations of international law, attacks on journalists and medical personnel, and labels its actions under Netanyahu as “genocidal.” He urges Croatia and Germany to insist on equal application of international law, pressuring Israel. |
Kovačević’s statements are one-sided and misleading. Labeling Israel’s defensive actions as “genocidal” ignores Hamas’s attacks and Israel’s security needs. His call for Croatia to recognize Palestine misrepresents the situation and unfairly pressures Israel.
Jutarnji list [27]
Topic: Historian speaks about the topic of Croatian recognition of Palestine
| Key takeaways: Historian Tvrtko Jakovina argues that Croatia’s current position on Palestine resembles that of a defeated nation post-World War II, burdened by the legacy of the NDH (Independent State of Croatia). Jakovina implies that Croatia’s refusal to recognize Palestine may be influenced by its historical associations and the desire to distance itself from past affiliations. |
Tvrtko Jakovina’s „comparison“ of Croatia’s stance on Palestine to that of a defeated nation burdened by the legacy of the NDH seems to be politically charged in some way. This analogy oversimplifies the complexities of international relations and the positions that countries navigate in global diplomacy. Croatia’s decision not to recognize Palestine is rooted in a careful consideration of the broader geopolitical implications and the complexities surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The situation is not a matter of aligning with historical justices or injustices but rather a reflection of Croatia’s commitment to a balanced approach that considers the security concerns of Israel and the aspirations of the Palestinian people. That Croatian balance can be noticed in Croatian contact with Israeli and Palestinian politicians who visited Croatia and spoke with Croatian politicians. Also, it is important to highlight that Croatia, as a sovereign country, makes decisions based on current realities and strategic interests rather than being mentally tied to past affiliations. While Jakovina’s perspective offers a critical and different view of Croatia’s foreign policy, it fails to acknowledge the complexities involved in international diplomacy.
N1[28]
Topic: Historians speak about war and peace
| Key takeaways: Historians Zlatko Hasanbegović and Ivo Goldstein critiqued Donald Trump’s speech in the Israeli Knesset, describing it as a “Hollywood performance” filled with grandiose words but lacking substantive content. They were also speaking about the war. Goldstein emphasized that while the cessation of hostilities and the return of hostages are positive developments, the broader peace process remains uncertain and underdeveloped. Goldstein was defending a pro-Israel approach. Hasanbegović noted that Trump’s speech failed to address the establishment of a truly independent Palestinian state coexisting peacefully with Israel, and instead was directed towards people with pro-Israel and extreme views. Hasanbegović said: “Nothing is said about what must be the ultimate goal of any viable agreement, which is the establishment of a truly independent Palestinian state that will live in peace with the state of Israel. This is a Hollywood performance; similar things are said at the Oscars. It is addressed, in addition to the American and international public, to the president of the Israeli government and his allies from extremist circles who are against the agreement, they publicly advocate the continuation of the war with the ultimate goal of completely occupying Gaza, deporting the population and creating a Greater Israel.” |
The critiques offered by Hasanbegović and Goldstein, as presented on the N1, appear to oversimplify the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the challenges inherent in diplomatic efforts. While it’s acknowledged that Trump’s speech may have lacked detailed policy proposals, it’s essential to recognize the broader context in which such statements are made and published. Public addresses and speeches often serve to reaffirm alliances and express support, rather than to outline all policy details or similar. Furthermore, this framing by Hasanbegović is misleading. Israel’s actions are rooted in legitimate security concerns against Hamas, not an ideological goal of „Greater Israel“ or population displacement. Dismissing the speech of Donald Trump as merely a „Hollywood performance“ ignores the context of hostage releases and ongoing threats. The claim that Israeli leaders publicly advocate war and displacement is unfairly paints Israel as the aggressor rather than a state defending its citizens.
Portal Novosti [29]
Topic: Pro-Palestine protest in Rijeka
| Key takeaways: On October 25, 2025, a solidarity rally for Palestine will be held in Rijeka, organized by the Inicijativa za slobodnu Palestinu (Free Palestine Rijeka). The event will be a protest against Israeli military actions in Gaza, described by organizers as disproportionate and genocidal. They are also accusing Israel of the “occupation”. The rally criticizes the international community for complicity via military and financial support to Israel. |
The article and the rally’s narrative are highly one-sided. Labeling Israel’s military actions as “genocidal” ignores the context of Hamas attacks on Israeli civilians, which prompted Israel’s defensive operations. That criticism of Israel disregards the reality that Israel operates under international law and self-defense obligations. Framing the conflict purely as Israeli aggression risks promoting a biased narrative that delegitimizes Israel’s right to defend its citizens while overlooking Hamas’ responsibility for escalating violence.
HND [30]
Topic: Among other things, the rally in August 2025 mourned a person directly connected to Hamas
| Key takeaways: On August 28, 2025, the Croatian Journalists’ Association (HND) and the Trade Union of Croatian Journalists (SNH) organized a solidarity rally in Zagreb to support journalists and civilians in Palestine. The rally aimed to protest against the killing of journalists and the targeting of civilians in Gaza, highlighting the systematic elimination of witnesses to alleged atrocities. Participants were encouraged to join the protest in person or digitally, using hashtags such as #zaustaviteubijanjenovinara (stop killing journalists), #zaustavitegenocid (stop genocide), and #zaustaviteubijanjecivila (stop killing civilians). The rally also called for international actions, including sanctions against the Israeli government and support for investigations into alleged war crimes. |
The rally’s characterization of Israeli actions as “genocidal” is a serious accusation that requires careful examination. While the humanitarian situation in Gaza is dire, labeling it as genocide may oversimplify the complexities of the conflict. The term “genocide” carries specific legal definitions under international law. The call for Croatia to recognize the State of Palestine is a political stance that reflects the debate over the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Accusations of war crimes should be addressed through established legal processes to ensure accountability and justice. While the rally’s participants have the right to express their views, it’s essential to approach such serious allegations with a commitment to accuracy, fairness, and adherence to international legal standards. It is important to mention that IDF reported, for example, that journalist Anas al-Sharif (working for Al Jazeera) was directly connected with Hamas (head of the Hamas cell). That is the reason why he was killed. Regardless of this information, Croatian journalists at the rally mourned the elimination of the aforementioned journalist.
Danas.hr [31]
Topic: Miro Bulj voted for recognition of Palestine
| Key takeaways: This article is the text of a conversation between Miro Bilj, a Croatian MP, and Mojmira Pastorčić, a journalist from RTL. Miro Bulj said he would vote again in favour of recognising Palestine, stating: „I cannot watch children dying.“ He was reportedly the only right-wing MP who voted in favour, while his party, Most voted against. Bulj drew a parallel between the plight of Palestinian children and Croatia’s own history, referencing his participation in Operation Storm (Oluja) and saying the suffering he sees in Gaza reminds him of wartime atrocities. He framed his position as one of humanity rather than ideology: „This is not a left-right question; this is a question of humanity… every nation has the right to its state.“ Also, he said that he doesn’t see a difference between Zionists and Hamas. |
Bulj’s justification (“I cannot watch children dying”) is emotionally powerful, but it simplifies the conflict by omitting context such as the role of militant groups (Hamas) operating in civilian areas. Recognising Palestine is not solely about humanitarian concern because it openly involves complex security, governance and legal dimensions. By comparing Israel’s actions with Croatia’s wartime experience (Operation Storm), Bulj evokes a moral equivalency which overlooks the difference between a recognised state defending itself and a non-state actor launching attacks from within civilian infrastructure. This comparison can undermine the understanding of Israel’s security environment. This war is connected to the events of 7th October 2023. Bulj clearly declares that “every nation has the right to its state,” which is a valid argument, but here he doesn’t address Israel’s recognized right to security and self-defence. His vote is presented as a symbolic act of solidarity. However, recognising Palestine may carry diplomatic and security consequences for the region. Framing the decision as “humanitarian” ignores many facts. An analysis would include how Israel is trying to protect civilians, the challenges of eliminating threats embedded in civilian populations, and how a recognition decision fits into peace efforts. While Bulj’s appeal to humanitarian concern and personal conviction is understandable and has been seen many times by different actors, such statements should also engage the full complexity of the Israeli-Palestinian (Hamas) conflict, including security threats, Israel’s rights, governance issues in Palestinian territories and realistic paths to peace. Without that, the narrative risks simplifying, polarising and marginalising the Israeli perspective. There is a clear difference between Israel and Hamas.
Faktograf.hr [32]
Topic: Fact-checker reacts to generated photo of IDF member
| Key takeaways: Faktograf’s article debunks a viral photo claiming to show an Israeli soldier with amputated legs, confirming the image was digitally fabricated. Faktograf concludes that this is another example of disinformation tied to the Gaza conflict, urging caution toward manipulated visuals circulating online. |
This article illustrates the crucial role of fact-checking platforms in filtering disinformation during highly polarized conflicts. The fact that a recognized fact-checker needed to expose such a fabrication shows how anti-Israeli narratives often rely on emotionally charged but false material to sway public opinion. Also, fact-checking platforms don’t react to every fake photography or narrative and that is the main problem with this topic. Sometimes, it depends on the sympathies of the author of the article. However, this also raises important questions about the authority and selectivity of fact-checking platforms. When disinformation targets Israel, prompt corrections like this one are viral — but they also highlight the uneven landscape of information. Many false claims about Israel’s actions circulate widely without similar attention or timely verification. By exposing this fake image, Faktograf performs its duty — yet the fact that such content spreads so quickly suggests a systemic bias in online ecosystems, where anti-Israeli imagery is often accepted uncritically. In this sense, the role of a fact-checker becomes not just corrective, but also politically consequential because it often doesn’t highlight other examples. To be more direct, it reveals how truth itself becomes a battleground, and how fact-checking can serve as both a some kind of safeguard for factual integrity and a some kind of reflection of the deep media asymmetry surrounding Israel.
Faktograf. hr [33]
Topic: Fact-checker reacts to claims about genocide
| Key takeaways: Faktograf reports that the UN Commission of Inquiry concluded Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians. Israel officially rejected the accusation, calling the report distorted and false. The article notes a growing global trend in using the term genocide for what is happening Gaza. Faktograf wrote: “Although there is increasingly vocal solidarity with the Palestinians among citizens and certain associations, the official position remains “neutral”, which sets Croatia apart from the growing number of European countries that are taking a clearer position and – not agreeing to be complicit.” |
Because Faktograf is a fact-checking platform, its credibility should rest on maintaining objectivity and analytical distance. However, in this article, it largely repeats the UN Commission’s conclusions without performing the deeper verification or contextual analysis that a genuine fact-check would very probably demand. It seems that the article cites serious accusations (genocide) as if they were empirically verified facts, without interrogating the commission’s methodology, evidence, or political biases, nor presenting Israel’s detailed arguments or broader context, such as Hamas’s role and use of civilians in warfare. By writing like this, Faktograf risks transforming from „a verifier of truth“ into a vehicle of one-sided interpretation. A claim that Israel commits genocide remains legally and politically contested. It is not a settled matter of fact. The issue deepens in the passage stating that “Although there is increasingly vocal solidarity with the Palestinians among citizens and certain associations, the official position remains ‘neutral’, which sets Croatia apart from the growing number of European countries that are taking a clearer position and not agreeing to be complicit.” From an analytical standpoint, this line introduces judgment rather than factual verification. For a fact-checking platform, this rhetorical move can undermine its role of impartiality. In essence, it seems that Faktograf’s treatment of this topic in the article exposes a core dilemma of modern fact-checking: when it reports on morally and geopolitically complex issues like Israel–Palestine (Hamas), there is an important question about the act of selecting what to „verify“.
References
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[4] See https://narod.hr/hrvatska/medu-ekstremno-lijevim-aktivisticama-privedena-i-novinarka-novosti-umjetnica-s-milovanja
[5] „Treba li Izrael sudjelovati na Eurosongu?“, Index.hr, https://www.index.hr/magazin/clanak/anketa-treba-li-izrael-sudjelovati-na-eurosongu/2670916.aspx
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[7] See https://www.facebook.com/CentarzaMirovneStudije/posts/izrael-izgladnjuje-tisu%C4%87e-djece-u-gazigenocid-koji-%C4%8Ditav-svijet-promatra-ve%C4%87-19-/1125830162922679/
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[9] See https://www.facebook.com/Zelenaakcija/posts/-borbe-za-klimatsku-pravdu-i-slobodu-palestine-isprepletene-su-jer-isti-kapitali/1110572281117911/
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[12] See https://www.facebook.com/free.palestine.from.croatia/photos/dalje-ruke-od-irana-dalje-ruke-od-narodainicijativa-za-slobodnu-palestinu-najo%C5%A1t/728465649878656/?_rdr
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[23] „Kako (de)cionizirati društvo?“, Bosna.hr, https://bosna.hr/kako-decionizirati-drustvo/
[24] „Zašto Izrael smije raketirati koga god želi?“, Index.hr, https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/zasto-izrael-smije-raketirati-koga-god-zeli/2708451.aspx
[24] „Plenković ne priznaje Palestinu jer to neće zaustaviti rat. Zar je zaboravio priznanje Hrvatske?“, 24sata.hr, https://www.24sata.hr/news/plenkovic-ne-priznaje-palestinu-jer-to-nece-zaustaviti-rat-zar-je-zaboravio-priznanje-hrvatske-1074859
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[32] „Slika izraelskog vojnika s amputiranim nogama je fabricirana“, Fakttograf.hr, https://faktograf.hr/2025/09/26/slika-izraelskog-vojnika-s-amputiranim-nogama-je-fabricirana/
[33] „Komisija za istragu UN-a: Izrael čini genocid nad Palestincima“, Faktograf.hr, https://faktograf.hr/2025/09/19/komisija-za-istragu-un-a-izrael-cini-genocid-nad-palestincima/
